Aramco Launches First CO2 Direct Air Capture Test Unit in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Aramco has launched Saudi Arabia’s first carbon dioxide direct air capture (DAC) test unit, a pilot facility capable of removing 12 tons of CO2 per year from the atmosphere, developed in collaboration with Siemens Energy. The announcement, released via the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) on March 20, 2025, marks a significant step in the Kingdom’s efforts to advance carbon capture technologies and supports Aramco’s broader ambition to achieve net-zero Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions across its wholly-owned operated assets by 2050. The unit, located in Dhahran, will serve as a testing platform for next-generation CO2 capture materials under Saudi Arabia’s distinct climatic conditions. Could this small-scale pilot be the beginning of a much larger carbon management industry in the region?

Direct air capture is a technology that extracts carbon dioxide directly from the ambient air, rather than from point sources such as industrial smokestacks. While the 12-ton-per-year capacity of this pilot plant is modest, its strategic importance lies in the knowledge and cost reductions it could generate. Aramco intends to use the facility to test novel capture materials and processes tailored to the Kingdom’s high temperatures and humidity. The collaboration with Siemens Energy, a global leader in energy technology, aims to scale up the technology with the ultimate goal of enabling large-scale DAC facilities in the future. As the world seeks to meet climate goals, what role can oil producers play in pioneering emissions-reduction solutions? How might this project influence the economics of carbon capture in arid regions?

Context and Background

Does the launch of a small pilot plant signal a major shift in Saudi Arabia’s environmental strategy? The DAC test unit is part of Aramco’s broader circular carbon economy approach, which focuses on reducing, reusing, recycling, and removing carbon emissions. The company has been investing in various carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies for years. In December 2024, Aramco and its partners Linde and SLB signed a shareholders’ agreement to develop a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) hub in Jubail, with phase one designed to capture nine million tons of CO2 annually from three Aramco gas plants and other industrial sources. That project, much larger in scale, complements the DAC pilot by addressing emissions at the source. Together, these initiatives illustrate a multi-pronged strategy to manage carbon across the value chain.

The Kingdom’s unique climate—characterized by extreme heat, dust, and humidity—poses specific challenges for DAC systems, which are typically energy-intensive and sensitive to environmental conditions. By testing under these conditions, Aramco aims to develop solutions that are robust and efficient for deployment in Saudi Arabia and similar regions. The pilot plant will also explore ways to reduce costs, a critical barrier to the widespread adoption of DAC. According to the SPA release, Ali Al-Meshari, Aramco Senior Vice President of Technology Oversight and Coordination, said: “Technologies that directly capture carbon dioxide from the air will likely play an important role in reducing gas emissions moving forward, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors. The test facility launched by Aramco is a key step in our efforts to scale up viable DAC systems for deployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and beyond.” This emphasis on hard-to-abate sectors—such as heavy industry and aviation—highlights where DAC can have the most impact.

Globally, DAC is still an emerging technology with only a handful of operational plants, most notably in Iceland, Canada, and the United States. These facilities vary in scale and capture capacity, but all face challenges related to high energy consumption and cost. Saudi Arabia’s entry into this field with a test unit signals its intention to be a player in the emerging carbon removal market. It also aligns with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goal of economic diversification and environmental stewardship. By fostering local expertise and attracting international partnerships, Saudi Arabia can position itself as a hub for carbon management innovation. What does this mean for the global carbon capture landscape? Could Saudi Arabia become a leader in DAC technology despite its traditional reliance on hydrocarbons?

Key Details

What exactly does the DAC test unit entail? The facility, developed in collaboration with Siemens Energy, will remove 12 tons of CO2 per year from the atmosphere. While this figure is small compared to industrial-scale projects, it is sufficient for research and development purposes. The plant will test various capture materials—often called sorbents—to determine which perform best in Saudi Arabia’s climate. The data gathered will inform the design of larger, more efficient systems. Aramco and Siemens Energy intend to continue working closely together with the aim of scaling up the technology. This partnership leverages Siemens Energy’s expertise in process automation, digitalization, and sustainable energy solutions, combined with Aramco’s deep knowledge of the local environment and large-scale project management.

Where will the captured CO2 go? According to the release, the CO2 extracted through this process can be used to produce more sustainable chemicals and fuels. This aligns with the circular carbon economy concept, where carbon is reused rather than simply stored. For example, captured CO2 can be combined with hydrogen to produce synthetic fuels or converted into chemicals like methanol. Aramco is exploring options to capture CO2 both at the point of emissions and directly from the atmosphere. The DAC pilot is thus a complement to point-source capture projects like the Jubail CCS hub. By integrating both approaches, Aramco aims to address emissions from its own operations as well as from other sources. How might the captured carbon be utilized in everyday products? Could this lead to a new market for sustainable goods?

What about the timeline and next steps? The pilot plant has just been launched, and testing will likely continue over the coming years. The knowledge gained will be crucial for scaling up. Aramco’s net-zero ambition for Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions by 2050 is a long-term commitment that requires multiple technological pathways. DAC is one of them, alongside energy efficiency, renewable energy, and CCS. The company is also investing in nature-based solutions and hydrogen. The success of the DAC pilot will depend on how well the technology performs under real-world conditions and whether costs can be brought down. The partnership with Siemens Energy is open-ended, with both parties committed to advancing the technology. This long-term view is essential for developing breakthrough solutions. What milestones should we look for in the next five years? How will Aramco measure the success of this pilot?

International and Regional Impact

How does Saudi Arabia’s DAC initiative resonate on the global stage? The launch of the test unit comes at a time when countries around the world are ramping up efforts to achieve net-zero emissions. Carbon capture, including DAC, is recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a critical tool for mitigating climate change, especially for hard-to-abate sectors. By investing in DAC research, Saudi Arabia is contributing to the global knowledge base and demonstrating its commitment to climate action. This can enhance the Kingdom’s standing in international climate negotiations and attract further collaboration. The project also aligns with the Middle East Green Initiative, which aims to plant 50 billion trees and reduce carbon emissions across the region. Saudi Arabia’s leadership in this area could inspire other Gulf states to pursue similar technologies.

What are the regional implications? The Middle East and North Africa region is particularly vulnerable to climate change, with rising temperatures and water scarcity. Deploying DAC in this region could help mitigate some of these impacts while also creating economic opportunities. Saudi Arabia’s pilot plant will generate data that is relevant for other arid countries. If successful, the technology could be exported, positioning the Kingdom as a knowledge exporter. Furthermore, the collaboration with Siemens Energy, a European company, highlights the potential for international partnerships in clean technology. This could pave the way for more joint ventures between Saudi and foreign firms in the green sector. How might neighboring countries benefit from Saudi Arabia’s advances in DAC? Could this be a catalyst for a regional carbon capture network?

Economic and Strategic Significance

Why does this project matter economically? The global market for carbon capture technologies is projected to grow substantially in the coming decades. By investing early, Aramco and Saudi Arabia can capture a share of this market and develop local expertise. The DAC pilot is a small but strategic investment in a future industry. It also supports the goals of Vision 2030 by fostering innovation, creating high-skilled jobs, and diversifying the economy away from oil. The knowledge gained could lead to commercial opportunities in carbon utilization, such as producing sustainable chemicals and fuels. This aligns with Saudi Arabia’s strengths in the petrochemical sector, potentially creating new value chains. What economic benefits could accrue to Saudi Arabia if it becomes a leader in DAC? How might this technology transform the Kingdom’s industrial landscape?

What are the strategic implications for Aramco? As the world transitions to cleaner energy, oil companies are under pressure to reduce their carbon footprint. Aramco’s investment in DAC is part of its strategy to remain a reliable energy provider while also addressing emissions. By developing and deploying carbon capture technologies, Aramco can continue to produce hydrocarbons while mitigating their environmental impact. This approach, known as “mitigation of emissions,” is central to Aramco’s long-term business model. The company’s ability to innovate in this space could enhance its reputation and ensure its social license to operate. Moreover, the DAC test unit demonstrates Aramco’s commitment to the circular carbon economy, a framework it has championed internationally. How does this align with Saudi Arabia’s position as a responsible global energy leader? Could this technology help sustain the oil industry while meeting climate goals?

Vision 2030 Alignment

How does the DAC test unit fit into Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030? Vision 2030 is a comprehensive plan to diversify the Kingdom’s economy, improve quality of life, and enhance its global standing. Environmental sustainability is a key pillar of this vision, with initiatives ranging from renewable energy projects to the Saudi Green Initiative. The DAC pilot contributes to these goals by advancing clean technology, reducing emissions, and fostering innovation. It also supports the development of a knowledge-based economy, as it involves cutting-edge research and development. The collaboration with Siemens Energy brings international expertise and investment, further integrating Saudi Arabia into the global clean tech ecosystem. By leading in carbon capture, the Kingdom can position itself as a responsible global citizen and a hub for sustainable solutions. What role will Saudi youth play in this emerging field? How can this project inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers?

In conclusion, the launch of Saudi Arabia’s first CO2 direct air capture test unit is a modest but meaningful step toward a more sustainable future. While the 12-ton-per-year capacity is small, the knowledge and partnerships gained could unlock much larger impacts. Aramco’s collaboration with Siemens Energy, combined with its other carbon capture initiatives like the Jubail CCS hub, demonstrates a comprehensive approach to emissions reduction. As the Kingdom continues its journey toward net-zero by 2050 and the goals of Vision 2030, this pilot plant serves as a symbol of innovation and commitment. It also raises important questions about the future of energy and the role of oil producers in a decarbonizing world. What will be the legacy of this small plant in Dhahran? Could it be the seed of a global carbon management revolution? Only time will tell, but Saudi Arabia is clearly taking bold steps to shape that future.

20 Questions

Q1. What is direct air capture (DAC) technology?

A1. DAC is a technology that captures carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere using chemical processes. Unlike point-source capture, which traps CO2 from industrial smokestacks, DAC can address emissions from dispersed sources. It is considered a key tool for achieving net-zero emissions, especially for hard-to-abate sectors.

Q2. How much CO2 can Aramco’s DAC test unit remove annually?

A2. The pilot facility is designed to remove 12 tons of CO2 per year from the atmosphere. While this capacity is small, it serves as a testing platform for next-generation capture materials and aims to achieve cost reductions that could accelerate deployment of DAC technologies in the region.

Q3. Who is Aramco’s partner in this DAC project?

A3. Aramco is collaborating with Siemens Energy, a global energy technology company. Together, they developed the test unit and intend to continue working closely to scale up the technology. Siemens Energy brings expertise in process automation, digitalization, and sustainable energy solutions.

Q4. Where is the DAC test unit located?

A4. The test unit is located in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, at an Aramco facility. This location allows testing under the Kingdom’s distinct climatic conditions, which include high temperatures and humidity—factors that can affect DAC performance.

Q5. What is the purpose of the DAC test unit?

A5. The pilot plant will serve as a testing platform for next-generation CO2 capture materials in Saudi Arabia’s climate. It will also seek cost reductions to help accelerate the deployment of DAC technologies in the region and lay the foundations for large-scale DAC facilities.

Q6. How does the DAC project align with Aramco’s net-zero ambitions?

A6. The project supports Aramco’s ambition to achieve net-zero Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions across its wholly-owned operated assets by 2050. DAC is one of several technologies Aramco is exploring under its circular carbon economy approach.

Q7. What is the circular carbon economy?

A7. The circular carbon economy is a framework that focuses on reducing, reusing, recycling, and removing carbon emissions. It is a key pillar of Aramco’s strategy to manage emissions and was championed by Saudi Arabia during its G20 presidency in 2020.

Q8. What other carbon capture projects is Aramco involved in?

A8. In December 2024, Aramco and partners Linde and SLB signed a shareholders’ agreement for a CCS hub in Jubail. Phase one of that hub will capture nine million tons of CO2 annually from three Aramco gas plants and other industrial sources.

Q9. What did Ali Al-Meshari say about the DAC launch?

A9. Ali Al-Meshari, Aramco Senior Vice President of Technology Oversight and Coordination, said the facility is a key step in scaling up viable DAC systems. He noted that captured CO2 can be used to produce more sustainable chemicals and fuels.

Q10. How does Saudi Arabia’s climate affect DAC technology?

A10. Saudi Arabia’s high temperatures, humidity, and dust can impact DAC performance and energy requirements. Testing under these conditions will help develop robust systems suitable for deployment in arid regions, potentially making the technology more resilient.

Q11. What are the economic benefits of DAC for Saudi Arabia?

A11. DAC can create high-skilled jobs, foster innovation, and diversify the economy. It also offers opportunities in carbon utilization, such as producing sustainable chemicals and fuels, aligning with Vision 2030 goals to develop new industries and reduce dependence on oil.

Q12. How does the DAC project support Vision 2030?

A12. The project supports Vision 2030 by advancing environmental sustainability, fostering a knowledge-based economy, and enhancing Saudi Arabia’s global standing in clean technology. It aligns with initiatives like the Saudi Green Initiative and the Circular Carbon Economy.

Q13. What is the global significance of Saudi Arabia’s DAC test unit?

A13. It demonstrates Saudi Arabia’s commitment to climate action and contributes to global knowledge on DAC. It also positions the Kingdom as a player in the emerging carbon removal market, which is expected to grow significantly in the coming decades.

Q14. How might captured CO2 be used?

A14. Captured CO2 can be used to produce sustainable chemicals and fuels, such as synthetic fuels or methanol. It can also be permanently stored underground. This aligns with the circular carbon economy by reusing carbon rather than emitting it.

Q15. What are the challenges facing DAC technology?

A15. DAC is currently energy-intensive and costly. Improving efficiency and reducing costs are critical for large-scale deployment. The pilot plant aims to address these challenges by testing new materials and processes under real-world conditions.

Q16. How does the DAC pilot complement the Jubail CCS hub?

A16. The Jubail CCS hub captures CO2 at point sources, while DAC captures it from the atmosphere. Together, they provide a comprehensive approach to emissions reduction, addressing both concentrated and dispersed sources of CO2.

Q17. What role does Siemens Energy play in the project?

A17. Siemens Energy provides technological expertise and innovation in carbon capture, automation, and digitalization. The partnership aims to scale up DAC technology and potentially develop large-scale facilities in the future.

Q18. Will the DAC test unit be expanded?

A18. While there are no immediate plans for expansion, Aramco and Siemens Energy intend to continue working together to scale up the technology. The knowledge gained from the pilot will inform the design of larger facilities.

Q19. How does this project impact Saudi Arabia’s international standing?

A19. It enhances Saudi Arabia’s reputation as a responsible energy producer and a leader in climate technology. It also strengthens partnerships with international companies like Siemens Energy and contributes to global climate goals.

Q20. What is the long-term vision for DAC in Saudi Arabia?

A20. The long-term vision is to deploy cost-effective, large-scale DAC facilities that help Saudi Arabia achieve net-zero emissions while creating economic opportunities. This aligns with Vision 2030 and the Kingdom’s goal to diversify its economy and lead in sustainable energy.

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